The correlation of developing capability of autistic children with social and linguistic parenting behaviors / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between social and linguistic parenting behaviors and developing capability of children with autism.Methods:From August 2020 to December 2020, the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of 302 parents of children diagnosed with autism were investigated in the outpatient department of the hospital.Meanwhile, the data of Gesell scale for children, the social life competence scale for infant and junior middle school students, the autism behavior checklist and the Cancy autism behavior scale were collected.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t test and analysis of variance were used to compare the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of different parents.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the social and linguistic parenting behaviors of parents and children's developmental ability and symptom severity. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and language development parenting behavior between father and mother ( t=1.033, P=0.303; t=-0.312, P=0.756). There were no statistically significant differences in children's social and linguistic parenting behaviors between fathers of different age groups ( F=1.425, P=0.244; F=1.127, P=0.345). Among mothers of different age groups, the social parenting behaviors of <30 years old and 30-34 years old groups were significantly better than those of 35-39 years old group ( F=3.374, P=0.019; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.006). Among fathers, the social parenting behavior( F=4.346, P=0.008; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.001) and social + linguistic parenting behavior in the graduate group and college group were significantly better than those in the high school/vocational group( F=3.965, P=0.012; LSD: P=0.020, P=0.002). Among mothers, the social parenting behavior ( F=2.812, P=0.040; LSD: P=0.008, P=0.023, P=0.009), linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.769, P=0.011; LSD: P=0.010, P=0.025, P=0.001), social + linguistic parenting behavior ( F=3.654, P=0.013; LSD: P=0.005, P=0.015, P=0.002) in graduate and above groups were significantly better than those in college group, high school/vocational group, junior high school and below groups.The scores of social parenting behavior(40.72±6.80), linguistic parenting behavior(27.20±5.22), and social + linguistic parenting behavior(67.92±11.10) were significantly correlated with children’s fine motor(61.75±16.41)( r=0.193, P=0.001; r=0.153, P=0.009; r=0.190, P=0.001), cognition(68.28±16.83)( r=0.231, P=0.000; r=0.186, P=0.001; r=0.229, P=0.000), language(53.01±18.55) ( r=0.262, P=0.000; r=0.305, P=0.000; r=0.304, P=0.000) and social self-care(61.44±17.85) ( r=0.264, P=0.000; r=0.238, P=0.000; r=0.274, P=0.000). The scores of linguistic parenting behavior and social + linguistic parenting behavior were correlated with children's social life ability (8.65±0.89) ( r=0.142, P=0.046; r=0.140, P=0.049). There was no significant correlation between social parenting behavior, linguistic parenting behavior, social + linguistic parenting behavior and the scores of ABC scale (50.53±21.39) ( r=-0.089, P=0.336; r=-0.115, P=0.215; r=-0.107, P=0.250) and CABS scale (13.96±4.54) ( r=-0.050, P=0.490; r=-0.059, P=0.411; r=-0.058, P=0.421). Conclusions:The social and linguistic parenting behaviors are related to their age and educational level, and are significantly correlated to developing capability of children with autism, but have nothing to do with the severity of children's symptoms.

The Relationship between Object Relations and Parenting Behavior of Mothers of ADHD Children

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. METHODS: In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. RESULTS: As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. CONCLUSION: This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.

The Relationship between Object Relations and Parenting Behavior of Mothers of ADHD Children

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. METHODS: In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. RESULTS: As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. CONCLUSION: This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.

The Correlation between Parenting Behaviors, Object Relation and Self-Esteem in Depressive Patient / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the Object Relations, Parenting Behaviors, and Self-esteem with Depression. METHODS: This study included 60 Depression patients and 90 healthy individuals. Parent Behavior Inventory (PBI), Bell Object Relation Inventory (BORI), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used for measuring parenting behaviors, object relations, self-esteem and severity of depression in orderly. RESULTS: Depression was negatively associated with self-esteem, and positively associated with four subscale of Object relation. Also, depression was positively associated with maternal intrusiveness, parental negligence and negatively associated with maternal affection. The most potent variable to explain depression was self-esteem, and the second was insecure attachment. Maternal affection was the most explainable variable of self-esteem, and the most potent variable of insecure attachment was maternal intrusiveness. Correlation analysis with insecure attachment and self-esteem as control variable individually, there was weak correlation among variables. CONCLUSION: This study shows object relation, parent behavior, and self-esteem are related with depressive symptoms. Object relation (especially, insecure attachment) and self-esteem is more important and proximal cause in depression than parental behavior. Result of the present study indicated that inadequate parental behavior in childhood foster insecure object relation and low self-esteem, then they contribute to depression through their interaction.

A Study of Relationship between Adolescent Attachment Patterns and Parenting Behaviors / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the Korean adolescent attachment patterns and their relations to parenting behaviors. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 792 high school students in Seoul. We assessed parenting behaviors perceived by adolescents and attachment type and quality of using Parenting Behavior Inventory, Self-report Attachment Style and Revised Adult Attachment Scale. RESULTS: 1) On the attachment pattern of adolescent, it revealed that 47.6% of the subjects were classified as "secure", 32.2% as "preoccupied", 14.6% as "dismissing" and 5.6% as "fearful". 2) The parental neglect was related to fearful and preoccupied patterns and parental inconsistency was related to preoccupied pattern. In terms of attachment quality and parental behavior, more parental affection and reasoning were related with more reliance. And more affection and less intrusiveness, neglect, and inconsistency were related with more closeness. More affection and reasoning and less physical abuse, intrusivenes, over-expectation, neglect, inconsistency were related with less anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that adolescent attachment pattern would be transitional compared with that of infancy and adult. More positive parenting behavior such as affection and reasoning, and less negative parenting behavior such as physical abuse, intrusiveness, neglect, inconsistency were related with secure attachment pattern. Also, less positive parenting behavior such as affection and reasoning, and more negative parenting behavior such as physical abuse, intrusiveness, neglect, inconsistency were related with insecure attachment patterns.

A Study of Adolescent Problem Behaviors and Parenting Behaviors / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the problem behaviors of adolescents and to discriminate between parenting behaviors of problem behavior groups and those of non-problem behavior group. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 792 high school students in Seoul. We administered 'Parenting Behavior Inventory' and Korean version of Youth Self-Report(K-YSR) to the subjects in order to evaluate the parenting behaviors perceived by adolescents and the problem behaviors of adolescents. We analyzed the relationship between parenting behaviors and problem behaviors. We classified the subjects into problem behavior groups(internalizing group, externalizing group, internalizing-externalizing group) and a non-problem behavior(normal) group. We studied the differences of parenting behaviors among the groups. RESULTS: The results are as follows. 1) There were significant negative correlations between the positive parenting behaviors such as affection, reasoning, and monitoring and the problem behaviors of adolescents. By contrast, there were significant positive correlations between the negative parenting behaviors such as physical abuse, intrusiveness, over-expectation, neglect, and inconsistency and the problem behaviors of adolescents. 2) Adolescents of the internalizing group perceived significantly more parental abuse, intrusiveness, over-expectation, neglect, and inconsistency than those of normal group. Meanwhile, they perceived significantly less affection than normal adolescents. Adolescents of the externalizing group also perceived significantly more parental abuse, intrusiveness, over-expectation, neglect, and inconsistency than those of normal group. Also, they perceived significantly less monitoring than normal adolescents. 3) Adolescents of the internalizing-externalizing group perceived significantly more intrusiveness from both parents than those of either the internalizing or the externalizing groups. Adolescents of the internalizing-externalizing group perceived significantly less affection and more neglect from their mothers than those of the internalizing or the externalizing groups. In addition, adolescents of the internalizing-externalizing group perceived significantly more physical abuse from their fathers than those of the internalizing or the externalizing groups. CONCLUSION: Parenting behaviors such as abuse, intrusiveness, over-expectation, neglect, and inconsistency are associated with both internalizing and externalizing problems. In contrast, our results suggest that parenting behaviors such as affection, monitoring, and reasoning might decrease the various problem behaviors of adolescents.

Comparative Study of H.R Neuropsychological Battery Results between Urban and Rural Children / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To compare the H.R neuropsychological functions of urban and rural children and to elucidate possible affecting factors. Methods:57 urban children and 54 rural children between 6.5～7.5 ages were assessed on the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. Results:①The scores of Category, Touch Operating, and Proceeding subtests in H.R.B of urban children were significantly higher than those of rural children.②There were significant differences in parenting behaviors between the parents of urban children and rural children.③There were significant correlations between parenting behaviors and H.R.B performance. Conclusion: Parenting behavior could be an influential factor in the development of neuropsychological functioning in children.